Lipid and Protein Metabolism

Where does beta-oxidation of fatty acids take place?

1. In the mitochondrial matrix
2. In the cytoplasm
3. In the nucleus
4. In the Golgi apparatus

Long-chain fatty acids enter the mitochondria using:

1. Simple diffusion
2. The carnitine shuttle
3. The glucose transporter
4. The urea cycle

Each cycle of beta-oxidation produces:

1. 1 acetyl-CoA, 1 NADH and 1 FADH₂
2. 1 glucose
3. 3 NADH and 1 GTP
4. 2 ATP only

Complete beta-oxidation of palmitate (16 carbons) requires how many cycles?

1. 4, producing 4 acetyl-CoA
2. 8, producing 8 acetyl-CoA
3. 16, producing 16 acetyl-CoA
4. 7, producing 8 acetyl-CoA

Where does fatty acid synthesis take place?

1. In the cytoplasm
2. In the lysosomes
3. In the nucleus
4. In the mitochondrial matrix

Which is the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?

1. Hormone-sensitive lipase
2. Carnitine acyltransferase
3. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
4. HMG-CoA reductase

Which reducing agent does fatty acid synthesis require?

1. Vitamin C
2. NADPH
3. FADH₂
4. NADH